Venous stasis, also known as venous insufficiency, is a condition characterized by impaired blood flow in the veins, typically in the lower extremities. This occurs when the valves in the veins fail to function properly, leading to a buildup of blood and increased pressure in the veins. Over time, this can cause damage to the veins and surrounding tissues, resulting in various skin changes and symptoms.
One of the hallmark skin presentations of venous stasis is known as venous stasis dermatitis, also called stasis dermatitis. This condition is characterized by redness, swelling, and itching of the skin, typically on the lower legs and ankles. The skin may also become thickened, hardened, and discolored, taking on a reddish-brown or purplish hue. In severe cases, the skin may develop open sores, known as venous ulcers, which are slow to heal and can become infected.
Other skin changes associated with venous stasis include the development of varicose veins, which are enlarged, twisted veins that are visible beneath the skin’s surface. These veins may be tender to the touch and can cause discomfort or aching in the affected area.
Treatment for venous stasis focuses on improving blood flow and reducing symptoms. This may include wearing compression stockings to help support the veins, elevating the legs when sitting or lying down, and exercising regularly to promote circulation. In some cases, medication or surgery may be necessary to treat underlying vein issues or complications such as ulcers.
Picture credit: Dr Betty Teh
